Traumatic events are distressing experiences that can deeply affect us physically, emotionally, mentally, and socially. These events may include natural disasters, serious accidents, abuse, or other situations that threaten our well-being. The impact of trauma is far-reaching, and when left unresolved, it can have long-lasting effects on a person’s life.
What is Unresolved Trauma?
Unresolved trauma occurs when an individual is unable to process and heal from a traumatic experience. Instead of confronting and working through the emotions, they may suppress them, leading to ongoing mental and physical distress. According to Judith Zackson, PhD, unresolved trauma can result in disruptive symptoms as the mind and body continue to react as though the trauma is still occurring.
This article delves into the symptoms, causes, diagnosis, and treatment options for trauma.
Symptoms of Unresolved Trauma
Unresolved trauma can manifest in various physical, emotional, and behavioral symptoms. According to Dr. Zackson, common signs include:
- Hypervigilance and constant tension
- Difficulty trusting others and opening up
- Feelings of numbness or dissociation
- Control issues due to a need to regain power
- Low self-esteem and persistent feelings of worthlessness
- Anger issues and emotional dysregulation
- Sleep disturbances, such as insomnia and nightmares
- Physical symptoms like headaches, digestive issues, and chest tightness
- Flashbacks and somatic preoccupation (an excessive focus on physical symptoms)
- Co-occurring mental health conditions like anxiety, depression, or PTSD
Despite appearing fine to others, people with trauma may feel stuck in the past, struggling with overwhelming emotions and physical symptoms.
Causes of Unresolved Trauma
Unresolved trauma typically occurs when an individual experiences overwhelming events that surpass their brain’s ability to process and cope. Rather than addressing these emotions, the person may consciously or unconsciously push them down. However, repressed trauma does not disappear—it lingers and resurfaces unexpectedly.
Impact of Unresolved Trauma
The effects of trauma can persist long after the traumatic event. Even positive interactions may be perceived as threats, making it difficult for the survivor to live fully. According to Dr. Zackson, this constant sense of danger can lead to strained relationships, stalled careers, and self-destructive behaviors like substance abuse.
The impact of trauma is not limited to the individual; it can also affect future generations. Research suggests that trauma can be passed down, influencing the mental health of children and grandchildren.
Diagnosing Unresolved Trauma
Proper diagnosis of unresolved trauma requires a comprehensive evaluation by a skilled clinician. Key aspects of this assessment include reviewing symptoms, past experiences, medical history, and coping mechanisms. Without accurate diagnosis, trauma may be mistaken for conditions like depression or anxiety, leading to ineffective treatment.
Treating Unresolved Trauma
Healing from unresolved trauma is possible with the right therapeutic approach. Treatment involves creating a safe environment where the survivor can process buried emotions and integrate them into their life. While recovery has no set timeline, individuals can transform their pain into resilience and strength with appropriate support.
Types of Therapy
Several therapeutic approaches can effectively address trauma:
- Trauma-Focused Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (TF-CBT): A structured approach that helps reframe negative thought patterns.
- Eye Movement Desensitization and Reprocessing (EMDR): A technique that uses guided eye movements to process traumatic memories.
- Dialectical Behavior Therapy (DBT): A therapy focusing on emotion regulation and mindfulness.
- Psychodynamic Therapy: A deeper exploration of unconscious processes and past experiences.
Conclusion
Unresolved trauma can affect every aspect of a person’s life, but healing is achievable. With the right support and therapeutic approach, survivors can not only overcome their trauma but also emerge stronger and more resilient.
